| |
| ekosistem_gambut:ikan_tembakul [2025/07/23 04:10] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1 | ekosistem_gambut:ikan_tembakul [2026/02/18 05:32] (current) – Sephira Tiara Dwi |
|---|
| | \\ **Kelas** | \\ Actinopterygii| | | \\ **Kelas** | \\ Actinopterygii| |
| | \\ **Ordo** | \\ Gobiiformes| | | \\ **Ordo** | \\ Gobiiformes| |
| | \\ **Famili** | \\ Oxudercidae| | | \\ **Famili** | \\ Gobiidae| |
| | \\ **Genus** | \\ //Periophthalmus// | | | \\ **Genus** | \\ //Periophthalmus// | |
| | \\ **Spesies** | \\ //Periophthalmus variabilis// | | | \\ **Spesies** | \\ //Periophthalmus variabilis// | |
| |
| Status populasi ikan tembakul (//Periophthalmus variabilis//) dan spesies //mudskipper //lainnya di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya terdata secara komprehensif dalam IUCN Red List, karena klasifikasi konservasi masih bergantung pada spesies masing-masing. Beberapa spesies seperti Periophthalmus argentilineatus telah dinyatakan berstatus Least Concern karena persebarannya luas dan belum ditemukan ancaman besar secara global. Namun, spesies lain seperti //Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper //di Jepang telah masuk kategori Vulnerable, menunjukkan bahwa ancaman terhadap //mudskipper //bisa bersifat lokal dan spesifik. Di Indonesia, //mudskipper //menghadapi tekanan serius akibat konversi habitat mangrove, pencemaran air, dan penangkapan berlebihan, terutama di wilayah pesisir yang mengalami alih fungsi lahan dan degradasi ekosistem (Setiawan et al., 2019). Meskipun belum masuk daftar spesies yang dilindungi secara nasional, mudskipper masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai sumber pangan dan obat tradisional, terutama karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi dan kepercayaan terhadap manfaat kesehatan seperti peningkatan vitalitas (Polgar & Lim, 2011). | Status populasi ikan tembakul (//Periophthalmus variabilis//) dan spesies //mudskipper //lainnya di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya terdata secara komprehensif dalam IUCN Red List, karena klasifikasi konservasi masih bergantung pada spesies masing-masing. Beberapa spesies seperti Periophthalmus argentilineatus telah dinyatakan berstatus Least Concern karena persebarannya luas dan belum ditemukan ancaman besar secara global. Namun, spesies lain seperti //Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper //di Jepang telah masuk kategori Vulnerable, menunjukkan bahwa ancaman terhadap //mudskipper //bisa bersifat lokal dan spesifik. Di Indonesia, //mudskipper //menghadapi tekanan serius akibat konversi habitat mangrove, pencemaran air, dan penangkapan berlebihan, terutama di wilayah pesisir yang mengalami alih fungsi lahan dan degradasi ekosistem (Setiawan et al., 2019). Meskipun belum masuk daftar spesies yang dilindungi secara nasional, mudskipper masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai sumber pangan dan obat tradisional, terutama karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi dan kepercayaan terhadap manfaat kesehatan seperti peningkatan vitalitas (Polgar & Lim, 2011). |
| ===== Pustaka ===== | ===== Sumber ===== |
| |
| Aiello, B. R., Bhamla, M. S., Gau, J., Morris, J. G. L., Bomar, K., da Cunha, S., … & Stewart, T. A. (2023). The origin of blinking in both mudskippers and tetrapods is linked to life on land. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(18), e2220404120. [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220404120|https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220404120]] | * Aiello, B. R., Bhamla, M. S., Gau, J., Morris, J. G. L., Bomar, K., da Cunha, S., … & Stewart, T. A. (2023). The origin of blinking in both mudskippers and tetrapods is linked to life on land. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(18), e2220404120. [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220404120|https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220404120]] |
| | * Baderan, D. W. K., Aydalina, R. V., & Hamidun, M. S. (2023). Morphological characteristics and biodiversity of mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus: Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystem of coastal Bay of Tomini, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1), 498–507. [[https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158|https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158]] |
| Baderan, D. W. K., Aydalina, R. V., & Hamidun, M. S. (2023). Morphological characteristics and biodiversity of mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus: Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystem of coastal Bay of Tomini, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1), 498–507. [[https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158|https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158]] | * Bob-Manuel, F. G. (2011). Food and feeding ecology of the mudskipper Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) in Rumuolumeni Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(6), 897–901. [[https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.897.901|https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.897.901]] |
| | * Dewiyanti, I., & Salsabilla, S. (2024). Feeding habits of mudskipper fish (Priopthalmus argentiliniatus) in the mangrove ecosystem on the Northern Coast of Aceh. Marine Biology Laboratory, Universitas Syiah Kuala. |
| Bob-Manuel, F. G. (2011). Food and feeding ecology of the mudskipper Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) in Rumuolumeni Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(6), 897–901. [[https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.897.901|https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.6.897.901]] | * Jaafar, Z., Perrig, M., & Chou, L. M. (2009). Periophthalmus variabilis (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae), a valid species of mudskipper, and a re-diagnosis of Periophthalmus novemradiatus. Zoological Science, 26(5), 309–314. [[https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.309|https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.309]] |
| | * Polgar, G. (2014). Ecological and evolutionary significance of amphibious lifestyle in mudskippers (Oxudercinae: Gobiidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 84(3), 639–672. [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12320|https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12320]] |
| Dewiyanti, I., & Salsabilla, S. (2024). Feeding habits of mudskipper fish (Priopthalmus argentiliniatus) in the mangrove ecosystem on the Northern Coast of Aceh. Marine Biology Laboratory, Universitas Syiah Kuala. | * Polgar, G. (2009). Species-area relationship and potential role as a biomonitor of mangrove communities of Malayan mudskippers. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 17, 157–164. [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9090-x|https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9090-x]] |
| | * Polgar, G., & Lim, R. (2011). Mudskippers: Human use, ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of mangrove and other soft bottom intertidal ecosystems. In Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy (pp. 51–86). Nova Science Publishers. |
| Jaafar, Z., Perrig, M., & Chou, L. M. (2009). Periophthalmus variabilis (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae), a valid species of mudskipper, and a re-diagnosis of Periophthalmus novemradiatus. Zoological Science, 26(5), 309–314. [[https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.309|https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.309]] | * Polgar, G., & Lim, R. (2011). Mudskippers: Human use, ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of mangrove and other soft bottom intertidal ecosystems. In Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy (pp. 51–86). Nova Science Publishers. |
| | * Setiawan, A., Iqbal, M., Priscillia, B., Pormansyah, & Yustian, I. (2019). First record of dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis Eggert, 1935 in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecologica Montenegrina, 24, 11–16. [[https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2|https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2]] |
| Polgar, G. (2014). Ecological and evolutionary significance of amphibious lifestyle in mudskippers (Oxudercinae: Gobiidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 84(3), 639–672. [[https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12320|https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12320]] | * Baderan, D. W. K., Aydalina, R. V., & Hamidun, M. S. (2023). Morphological characteristics and biodiversity of mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus: Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystem of coastal Bay of Tomini, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1), 498–507. [[https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158|https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158]] |
| | * Mahadevan, G. (2015). Distribution of mudskippers in the mudflats of Muthupet, Southeast coast of India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3(2), 268–272. |
| Polgar, G. (2009). Species-area relationship and potential role as a biomonitor of mangrove communities of Malayan mudskippers. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 17, 157–164. [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9090-x|https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9090-x]] | * Mongabay. (2023, April 25). Blinking fish sheds light on how vertebrates adapted to life on land. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from [[https://news.mongabay.com|https://news.mongabay.com]] |
| | * Larson, H. (2019). Periophthalmus argentilineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T196348A2448210. [[https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T196348A2448210.en|https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T196348A2448210.en]] |
| Polgar, G., & Lim, R. (2011). Mudskippers: Human use, ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of mangrove and other soft bottom intertidal ecosystems. In Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy (pp. 51–86). Nova Science Publishers. | * Setiawan, A., Iqbal, M., Priscillia, B., Pormansyah, & Yustian, I. (2019). First record of dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis Eggert, 1935 in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecologica Montenegrina, 24, 11–16. [[https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2|https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2]] |
| | * Asahi Shimbun. (2025, May 12). Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper now under threat. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper now under threat |
| Polgar, G., & Lim, R. (2011). Mudskippers: Human use, ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of mangrove and other soft bottom intertidal ecosystems. In Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy (pp. 51–86). Nova Science Publishers. | * iucnredlist.org |
| | |
| Setiawan, A., Iqbal, M., Priscillia, B., Pormansyah, & Yustian, I. (2019). First record of dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis Eggert, 1935 in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecologica Montenegrina, 24, 11–16. [[https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2|https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2]] | |
| | |
| Baderan, D. W. K., Aydalina, R. V., & Hamidun, M. S. (2023). Morphological characteristics and biodiversity of mudskipper fish (Periophthalmus: Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystem of coastal Bay of Tomini, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(1), 498–507. [[https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158|https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240158]] | |
| | |
| Mahadevan, G. (2015). Distribution of mudskippers in the mudflats of Muthupet, Southeast coast of India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3(2), 268–272. | |
| | |
| Mongabay. (2023, April 25). Blinking fish sheds light on how vertebrates adapted to life on land. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from [[https://news.mongabay.com|https://news.mongabay.com]] | |
| | |
| Larson, H. (2019). Periophthalmus argentilineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T196348A2448210. [[https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T196348A2448210.en|https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T196348A2448210.en]] | |
| | |
| Setiawan, A., Iqbal, M., Priscillia, B., Pormansyah, & Yustian, I. (2019). First record of dusky-gilled mudskipper Periophthalmus variabilis Eggert, 1935 in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecologica Montenegrina, 24, 11–16. [[https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2|https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.24.2]] | |
| | |
| Asahi Shimbun. (2025, May 12). Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper now under threat. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from Great Blue Spotted Mudskipper now under threat | |
| |
| |